economic importance of grassland located in middle europe

11. 0 -45.169 l 0 0 595.276 841.89 re 2.861 -4.236 l 8: 345-360. feedstocks. 0 0 m q 0 7.033 l 0.561 0.643 0.008 scn 578.486 228.497 16.664 16.664 re Grassland will continue to be an important form of land use in Europe, but with increased diversity in management objectives and systems used. 0 -2.633 l Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences. -0.727 0 l -0.03 -1.876 0.089 -1.45 0.564 -1.45 c -0.03 -2.262 l 0 -6.18 l 0. -3.115 7.105 l In a case study, we demonstrated that the procedure enables an accurate representation of the spectral shape and amplitude of species, as well as functional trait differences between species. h e challenges we had in the W, sources, located at the other side of the “Iron Cu, on average about 15% of their people, being active in agri-, culture. 11. -8.839 28.563 -7.85 27.772 v /GS0 gs 0.072 4.527 -0.124 4.878 -0.567 5.29 c We revealed that both invasive alien species (IAS) altered aboveground biomass (decrease and increase under I. glandulifera and S. gigantea respectively), litter stabilization (decrease under both IAS) and soil available phosphorus (increase under both IAS) through selection effects, rather than through decreasing the functional diversity of the community. -3.589 0.402 m -0.495 -0.402 l . B f 0. 0 0 m h T* -1.718 2.633 l -5.796 0 l For carbon sequestration, developmen, production of food and feed is the most important. Geranyl acetate (4.5%), linalol (4.5%) and borneol (2.9%) were notable minor components. Each, sists of alcohols citronellol, geraniol) and aldehydes (gera-, nial, neral, citronellal). 0. -2.65 2.32 -3.032 2.145 -3.032 1.733 c A, about the role of white clover in grassland are av. -1.163 -0.718 -0.876 -0.53 -0.619 -0.53 c [(suppor)-10(t)-10(, including \036nance, f)15(rom E)15(uropean society)60(. [(the histor)-15(y o)5(f a)5(gricult)5(ur)5(e, the f)10(a)5(una o)5(f grasslands, the grassland c)5(ommunities, and the )]TJ /GS1 gs 0.02 Tc 20 0 0 20 113.3858 729.3309 Tm iii) The continuing increase of FSC in the past 30 years from 1984 to 2014 was due to the significant increase of precipitation and NPP in the growing season of alpine grassland. h -1.846 -1.841 -1.698 -1.45 -1.258 -1.45 c Q -0.857 30.741 -0.857 30.015 y By Council Regulation EC No 1782/2003, implemented by the Commission Regulation (EC) No 1973/2004) and reviewed by EU Regulation No 73/2009 grasslands get a much better protection. h -1.361 0.069 -1.876 -0.376 -1.876 -1.287 c 0. These results can be used as a management tool to improve rangeland quality and sustainability. -14.315 27.903 -13.854 27.508 -13.524 27.179 c -1.044 0.807 m -1.743 -0.402 l B Half of the communities were exposed to ambient climate conditions (current climate) and the other half were continuously kept 3 °C above ambient temperatures and at 620 ppm CO2 (future climate). 0.863 0.886 0.733 scn -0.03 -3.005 -0.208 -3.183 -0.579 -3.183 c EMC f The sensitivity index of the FSC to NPP and precipitation during grassland growing season were 4.1 and 1.9 respectively. 2.671 3.506 l 0. *� B�:*A�G��" J���X�Q���R�/�eI�$_�"���Gi"���+�g�5��C��"̸E��0�C�~_IC���ᘴ�ZO�W��u��7���ĝ�K/�4uW�L��;�f���|>�q��7A�0��q�9&P]e��j��~oϷ#փK1��ь;$�(�w���h�(0�z��9�M��lk,`��N�x��S�:Yk�[]�W�.��G���j�2���n���w�9)k0���*�Cy��K�\P���af�/;���F����^�Nۙ�vv@�9� 6��ポ�>^�����V����i4Rݗ�� �Ϸ�^^ �M{��[\Z����v1� GC��g�gWA_K-���_U�ɱy"-)�,����Tf�orr��9��`��F=�� ���!�ć�u�*E�z˃� ��|Z�o�F��f�������hµ�6���B8>U�Nc�+���i��,~~H�'GGq�k��QA�I A. The determination of green mass production was established for an average of 11.6 t/ha m.v. -0.01 -0.391 l 0 0 m [(Na)5(t)5(ural grasslands grow wher)5(e tr)5(ees c)-5(annot est)-10(ablish, in high mount)-10(ains, on rocks, s)-5(alty )]TJ Comparison of the feeding value of diploid and, agricultural ecosystems and carbon storag, Chagonda, L. S., C. Makanda and J. C. C. Dewhurst, R. J., P .J King (1998). Finally they have aesthetic role and recreational function as far as they provide public access that other agricultural uses do not allow. 1.385 2.177 2.308 5.937 v -1.005 1.153 -0.832 1.361 -0.505 1.361 c 11. Grasslands are practically treeless due to continentiality . -1.688 0 l B Calculations are made for global NPP and each of the 3 estimates of low intermediate and high human output. -6.343 7.033 l The steam-distilled oils from wild and cultivated Cymbopogon validus (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy (Gramineae) and Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) study book for students of the University for Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, dealing with aspects of quantity and quality of grassland production. h q 1 0 0 1 440.4294 124.2119 cm -3.375 0 l Q -0.402 3.372 -0.959 2.815 -1.64 2.815 c q Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. In addition a full description of Flanders area with special attention to its grassland management is given, such that one can make a comparation between those two different cultures: the Province of East Flanders, Belgium and the area of Apuseni Mountains, Cluj County, Romania. 0.941 0.914 0.506 scn f B -1.163 -1.332 m Q -2.857 5.692 -3.341 4.816 -3.341 4.042 c B -13.194 26.848 -10.555 26.123 -8.378 23.286 c /T1_3 1. LAST fall's Suez crisis restored the Middle East to proper perspective in the war offices of the world. B 0. Europe is the second-smallest continent.Only Oceania has less landmass. Temperate Grasslands are mostly found just north of the Tropic of Cancer. [(c)5(onnec)-5(tion bet)-10(w)5(een grasslands and clima)5(t)5(e. The \036nal par)-10(t assesses whether or not curr)5(ent )132( )]TJ )]TJ As in the savanna, seasonal drought and occasional fires are very important to biodiversity. 11. -1.648 1.931 -1.757 0.916 -1.757 0.599 c -3.414 1.248 -2.815 1.753 -2.052 1.753 c 0 -2.083 l -1.372 5.692 l -0.233 -0.53 -0.025 -0.876 -0.025 -1.302 c 50.015 808.812 16.664 16.664 re 447.729 126.357 l -3.279 2.237 -4.177 1.248 -4.177 -0.114 c 0.98 0.973 0.855 scn -1.45 2.119 -1.687 1.911 -1.687 1.51 c However, the dry … -2.341 2.815 -2.867 3.383 -2.867 4.073 c -1.846 -2.257 m In the 27 EU countries, over the past twenty years, around 4 million ha of grasslands were converted in arable land, mostly for maize growing, ... Worldwide pastoral rangelands are the primary and only resource on which both wild and domesticated herbivores depend. 113.385803 715.322815 Tm f The research consisted of two parts: in a first, methodological, part (Chapters 2 and 3) we aimed to provide and recommend technical tools that enable grassland optical trait measurements; in a second, applied, part (Chapters 4 and 5) our intention was to demonstrate how these optical traits can in turn be adopted to assess plant community functioning and address more conceptual questions at the forefront of functional ecological research. 0 -45.169 l h h 50.015 629.306 16.664 16.664 re 9.971 -3.208 l 0. Q 0.062 -4.723 -0.495 -4.435 -0.495 -3.733 c -0.701 0 l 0 -3.156 l 578.486 212.208 16.664 16.664 re [(An int)5(erna)5(tional t)5(eam o)5(f grassland e)5(xper)-10(ts pr)5(epar)5(ed this book. 0 0 m 0 1.944 l -1.98 0.337 -1.881 0.802 -1.346 0.802 c The non-)-5(specialist r)5(eader ma)5(y learn tha)5(t although these grasslands )]TJ Mycorrhizas represent a symbiotic system that involves terrestrial plants and soil fungi. 578.486 261.074 16.664 16.664 re 0.327 -0.851 0.119 -1.094 0.01 -1.262 c Biological predictors, such as leaf area index (LAI), fraction absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), etc. h B 0.902 0.863 0 scn Your email address will not be published. f Nevertheless, it is the only crop able to full, Carlier, L. (1974). -0.693 0 l f -0.327 -2.648 -0.153 -2.455 -0.039 -2.252 c 1.99 4.723 l -0.98 -3.183 -1.035 -3.049 -1.064 -2.916 c f -0.282 1.361 -0.01 1.233 0.03 0.807 c 0 0 m [(an ar)5(ea charac)-5(t)5(eristic f)5(or their c)5(ountr)-15(y)60(. According to the European Commission, the average contribution of insect pollination to European agriculture is at least 22 billion EUR a year5. f 0 -2.633 l above-ground biomass production was reduced less in future than in current climate. h In this article the focus is limited to the grass and clover components of the grasslands. 0 2.166 l Origin of Grasslands; Importance of Grasslands; In many areas, Grasslands separate Forests from Deserts. 0 0 m Q Having clarified and advanced the technological and methodological capabilities of hyperspectral remote sensing for the quantification of grassland traits, this dissertation aimed at taking this know-how one step further to address two leading issues in functional and community ecology. -1.723 -3.054 -1.846 -2.569 -1.846 -2.257 c Nevertheless it is the only crop able to fulfil so many tasks and to fit so many requirements. ( 20% discount)Tj 113.385803 75.3871613 Tm Concerning the economic valuation of grassland ecosystem services, appropriate methods are still being tested. Grassland ecosystems can be found throughout the world, for example: In the tropics, near to the equator. q 1 0 0 1 509.191 85.1679 cm 0 0.95 -0.639 1.386 -1.346 1.386 c /PlacedPDF /MC0 BDC 0 0 0 SCN /T1_4 1 Tf It follows from the above that effectively monitoring the state of and changes in the use of agricultural land with the help of remote sensing is a highly relevant topic. /T1_2 1 Tf Q 0 -0.547 -0.619 -0.897 -1.568 -0.897 c disappeared on the much specialised, almost disappeared, while the cultivation of the maize, systems using cereals (especially maize cultivation) and, protein-rich supplements (soybean meal), as well as, cluding in particular the developing count, al strategies and best practices to ensur, carbohydrate synthesised during the photosyn, eir optimal temperature for photosynthesis, on average, clover in grassland is renewed since the last decades for, reach and to maintain during the whole grazing season. e�G���� Hyh�: >6�׹���R�0''9�y�w~�� ����4���Od����L�glYV��\�v�a����X"!�X�]��!��cW����}~W/�z�g�=�ʲ�k��`W�p8��UUg����`R�U�vW��Q�ʱ�w��a7XU��e���TY+�N��>! 11. Europes northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta. 1.153 -2.257 m B 506.904 87.341 -0.694 0.643 re increased diversity in management objectives and systems used. 0. q 1 0 0 1 486.1093 90.4458 cm 0. 2 0 obj People use the phrase “Middle Ages” to describe Europe between the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century. 0.973 0.957 0.773 scn -4.177 -1.547 -3.207 -2.578 -1.867 -2.578 c 578.486 309.939 16.664 16.664 re -0.454 0 l -0.025 -1.663 -0.144 -2.064 -0.614 -2.064 c (Presentation:)Tj f -0.98 -3.183 -1.034 -3.049 -1.064 -2.916 c 0 0 0 scn 6.729 28.233 5.015 27.904 3.893 26.98 c -0.025 -1.663 -0.143 -2.064 -0.613 -2.064 c 3.233 9.697 4.355 15.899 5.806 19.131 c 0. -0.03 -2.579 l -1.614 2.406 -1.416 2.703 -0.916 2.703 c 12.007 27.97 9.432 27.706 6.663 24.803 c Q Grasslands have a basic role in feeding herbivores and ruminants and provide important ecosystem services, including erosion control, water management and water purification. -0.989 18.669 -1.055 18.273 -1.517 18.273 c 494.708 87.341 -0.693 0.643 re T* The overall estimate for human use if 7.2 Pg of organic matter/year or 3% of total NPP/year. -1.718 2.633 l Q 0.743 0.356 l The relevance of suitable predictors takes into account the date of the satellite image, the overall accuracy of change detection, and the time required for calculations. Cluj 37 (1) 2009, 25-30, Print ISSN 0255-965X; Electronic ISSN 1842-4309, the struggle against erosion and to the regularizing of wate, and water resources, (3) furnishing a habitat for wildlife, b. amenity purposes, parks and sport elds. Mountain ranges interrupt the steppe, but horsemen could cross barriers easily and interact with peoples across the entire steppe. 0 0 0 SCN 0 0 m Q These 24 c)-5(ase st)5(udies giv)5(e the r)5(eader a clear )]TJ -2.557 2.671 0.072 1.99 0.072 4.063 c Within some land use changes there were, however, sufficient examples to explore the role of other factors contributing to the above conclusions. 0 0 m 2.949 7.105 l q 1 0 0 1 473.5866 85.7125 cm 0.213 2.633 l 1.444 -4.537 1.289 -4.589 1.114 -4.641 c 578.486 0.125 16.664 16.664 re 0.742 0.48 l [(biodiv)5(erse grasslands across the whole o)5(f E)15(urope. Therefore, mycorrhizae play a very important role in the good development of plants and a more detailed study is needed to understand mycorrhizal mechanisms because they can be a biological source of rehabilitation and improvement of grassland ecosystems. Tf -1.757 -0.485 -1.187 -0.841 -0.446 -0.841 c Q 0.743 0.356 l f 2.112 18.207 1.518 18.273 v f In support of such programs, it is essential to understand how these ecosystems function so that, based on scientific insights, effective management practices can be implemented, and progress towards policy goals can be monitored. f For example, for livestock production, production function should be q 1 0 0 1 419.8555 126.3569 cm Driven by a lack of knowledge on the reliability of these approaches, we performed a global meta-analysis, summarizing trait estimation accuracies reported in 77 studies (Chapter 2). 0.743 0.48 l Global Change. When native or long-term grasslands are converted to other land use types, carbon is expected to be released into the atmosphere [61][62]. -2.693 -0.95 -2.054 -1.386 -1.347 -1.386 c f 0.25 w 4 M In Argentina, South America, the grasslands are known as pampas. Temperate grasslands have hot summers and cold winters. Grassland vegetation can vary in height from very short, as in chalk grassland, to quite tall. 0.635 0.855 0.957 scn h -0.346 0.693 l 0. -3.28 2.237 -4.177 1.248 -4.177 -0.114 c /T1_3 1 Tf We focused on two functionally distinct species that are non-native and invasive in Belgium: the annual forb Impatiens glandulifera Royle, and the rhizomatous perennial forb Solidago gigantea Ait. The procedure consists of measuring monospecific arrangements of plant individuals on a black, light absorbing table, as such preserving structural plant properties, while avoiding confounding effects of other species, soil or non-photosynthetically active vegetation. The studied zone is being exploited by sheep and goat breeders. -1.196 -2.578 -0.629 -2.383 -0.082 -1.96 c Q f Q 0 0 595.276 841.89 re endobj This Council Regulation obligates Member States to ensure all that land which was under permanent pasture, for aid applications for 2003, to be mentioned under permanent pasture. 0.817 -0.188 0.975 0.069 1.396 0.069 c 0 0 0 SCN 0 0 m 0.693 -2.633 l Natural grasslands grow where trees cannot establish, in … f -0.901 2.633 l 448.225 126.357 l 0 0 m H�D�{L[e��[h?��^[q��f7������d��H�Xh�E��ҍWuG��e�kS�e 0 0 m The number of species preferred by grazing was 74 (70.5%), while the number of non-preferable species was 31 (29.5%). -4.177 -1.547 -3.208 -2.578 -1.867 -2.578 c f One outcome of the meta analysis, especially worthy of further investigation in the context of carbon sink strategies for greenhouse gas mitigation, is that broadleaf tree plantations placed onto prior native forest or pastures did not affect soil C stocks whereas pine plantations reduced soil C stocks by 12–15%. 0. 0 1.944 l -1.362 0.069 -1.876 -0.376 -1.876 -1.287 c -2.908 0.918 l By using the structural dynamics method, this study quantified the changes in the food supply capacity (FSC) of alpine grassland ecosystem and sensitivity to significant variables. -0.454 1.01 -0.165 0.866 0.289 0.464 c 11. T* Importance and Functions of Grasslands.pdf, All content in this area was uploaded by Lucien André, Maria Carlier, Available online at www.notulaebotanicae.ro, Not. The large amount of freely available satellite data enables this monitoring to take place, mainly owing to data products of the Copernicus program. The soil in temperate grassland biome is especially fertile. -0.703 -1.262 l 50.015 678.504 16.664 16.664 re <> many major river systems. the date provided for the area aid applications for 2003 to. -6.861 26.98 -4.881 25.594 -3.562 23.813 c -1.817 -2.916 l stream -1.382 0.526 -1.908 0.052 -2.413 -0.804 c -0.025 -1.663 -0.144 -2.064 -0.614 -2.064 c -3.145 0.917 -3.63 0.516 -3.63 -0.072 c 0 Tc 11 0 0 11 113.3858 679.3309 Tm -1.258 1.753 -0.763 1.31 -0.588 0.402 c 1.47 -0.634 1.396 -0.634 1.332 -0.634 c Besides its role as basic nutrient for herbivores and ruminants, grasslands have opportunities for an adding value by exploiting positive health characteristics in animal products from grassland and through the delivery of environmental benefits. 0.005 -0.841 0.53 -0.634 0.713 0 c 9.971 -0.139 l In terms of the dependence of humans on food at global level, although livestock products are not as important as cereals in food security, the importance of livestock products has been emphasized as that basic level of food necessary for survival (FAO, 1982;1992;1993a;1993b; ... Grassland-based livestock as the key physical capital of local herdsmen' livelihood, and the interrelation among livestock, grassland and climate change determines the complexity and importance of the livestock production and food supply system in alpine pastoral area (Campbell and Knowles, 2011;Fang et al., 2016;Fang et al., 2015;Fang, 2013). B 113.385803 691.320801 Tm Q q ere is obvious potential to exploit this nding, More research is needed to establish the factors determin-. 0.743 1.683 0.025 1.931 -0.494 1.931 c -2.413 4.723 l -1.648 1.931 -1.758 0.916 -1.758 0.599 c Q 34% or .39 Pg is lost to waste and spoilage. But even for grassland it is very difficult to create a good frame for its different tasks (1) the provision of forage for livestock, (2) protection and conservation of soil and water resources, (3) furnishing a habitat for wildlife, both flora and fauna and (4) contribution to the attractiveness of the landscape. 0.604 0.675 0.176 scn Fires, both natural and human-caused, are important factors shaping grasslands. 0.91 0.875 0.118 scn -2.243 22.032 -1.121 20.382 -1.055 19.526 c -1.044 0.807 m )]TJ 0 0 m 7.554 -2.166 l h -0.678 -3.222 l f -0.547 7.033 l In the present study biomass productivity were examined in natural mounatins grassland in the region Gutai Mountains. 0.25 w 4 M /T1_4 1 Tf Of these natural elements, the net primary productivity (NPP) and precipitation were the largest contributors, accounting for approximately 35%. 0 -1.818 TD use change : a meta analysis. 448.225 121.211 m B -1.648 1.931 -1.757 0.916 -1.757 0.599 c 0.792 -0.634 0.694 -0.97 0.694 -1.262 c q 1 0 0 1 463.4599 128.877 cm -0.283 1.361 -0.01 1.233 0.03 0.807 c -1.687 0 l 0 0.95 -0.639 1.386 -1.347 1.386 c Therefore, in grazing-based systems forage availability (quality and quantity) is one of the most important concepts. -1.718 2.247 l Winters are usually cold, and temperatures can fall to below zero degrees Fahrenheit in specific areas. Of the total species, 20 were from Poaceae (19.0%), 30 were from Poaceae (28.6%). endobj h 0 0.95 -0.639 1.386 -1.346 1.386 c f 0.647 0.706 0.271 scn They have an aesthetic role and recreational function as far as they provide public access. Estimates of the proportion of the earth's land area covered by grasslands vary between 20 and 40 percent, H�bd`ab`dd�pv� In Belgium the area of grassland decreased in the last decennia, like in the other Member States of the EU and is mainly replaced by the cultivation of maize. h The mountains meadows plays a significant role in biodiversity and ecosystem functions. But even for grassland it is very difficult to create a good frame for its different tasks (1) the provision of forage for livestock, (2) protection and conservation of soil and water resources, (3) furnishing a habitat for wildlife, both flora and fauna and (4) contribution to the attractiveness of the landscape. 0. -0.327 -2.648 -0.153 -2.455 -0.039 -2.252 c -5.878 7.033 l 6.944 -0.027 l -1.361 0.069 -1.876 -0.376 -1.876 -1.287 c 9.971 -0.139 l T* Q Our findings supported the increasing use of multivariate signal processing because they generally performed better than univariate approaches. About 60% of the farms in Europe that keep cattle are located in disadvantaged regions (Dabbert & Krimly, 2004); this emphasizes the importance of grassland managed for biodiversity and … 0.006 -0.842 0.53 -0.634 0.713 0 c h -1.908 4.723 l 1.153 -2.569 1.03 -3.054 0.585 -3.054 c 0 0.95 -0.638 1.386 -1.346 1.386 c 494.708 84.396 -0.693 2.633 re Q 578.486 0.125 16.664 16.664 re 1.506 4.723 l 108.385803 114.320801 Tm 0.951 2.633 l Wherever one of the land use changes decreased soil C, the reverse process usually increased soil carbon and vice versa. T* Moreover, we found that the upscaling of existing methods to airborne and satellite data is promising, and may allow for functional mapping at broader spatial scales. 1 0 obj Over the course of history, it is possible to trace different shares of permanent grassland within agricultural land and areas with significant changes from grassland to arable land. f 1.44 0.069 1.485 0.064 1.529 0.059 c -3.413 1.248 -2.815 1.753 -2.052 1.753 c T* There is a proper system of irrigation and flood-control that has made this utilization possible. q 1 0 0 1 493.8957 91.2179 cm q 1 0 0 1 379.3897 125.2534 cm endobj -1.787 -3.475 -1.212 -3.708 -0.668 -3.708 c 448.225 119.901 447.585 119.345 446.853 119.354 c 417.38 121.727 -0.495 4.63 re Mycorrhized plants benefit from better resistance against pathogens and limit the absorption of toxic elements, which fungi stores in vesicles. -0.701 3.506 l 0.664 0 l -0.402 4.053 m -0.03 -2.579 l The major components from wild and cultivated E. muticus were geranial (40.1–44.8%), neral (26.0–35.4%) and geranyl acetate (1.8–8.6%). -0.082 -1.402 l (of)Tj f BT /T1_3 1. Dried lower parts from cultivated E. muticus contained oil rich in geranial (29.6%), neral (20.2%) and geranyl acetate (18.8%), whilst the upper aerial parts contained geranial (41.9%), neral (26.4%) and geranyl acetate (4.7%) as the main components. 7.257 22.362 9.369 24.606 10.886 25.595 c 9.971 -4.236 l ( )Tj Land owners, par)-10(ticularly the f)10(armers who ha)5(v)5(e )]TJ 0 -3.554 l 0.243 0.243 0.251 SCN -1.981 0.337 -1.881 0.802 -1.347 0.802 c 578.486 48.991 16.664 16.664 re q 1 0 0 1 469.7833 84.3958 cm 0 -1.818 TD -0.901 2.633 l T* Predicting future ecosystem functioning requires a mechanistic understanding of how plants cope with different stressors under future climate conditions with elevated CO2 concentrations and warmer temperatures. f B The concept of plant functional traits highly contributes to such understanding. 115.385803 114.320801 Tm Q -1.673 2.633 l In Eurasia, they are called the Steppes, and stretch eastwards from the shores of the Black Sea to the foothills of the Altai Mountains. Temperate grassland biome climate varies depending on the season. -0.713 0 m This study was carried out to investigate the floristic features (family, preference by grazers, growth form and response to grazing) and qualities of forage species collected from mountainous rangeland (Akdağ Mountain, Ladik) in the middle Black Sea region of Turkey. 6.944 -0.027 l In other r)5(egions in E)15(urope, )]TJ -2.381 0 l In this wa)5(y)60(, the book suppor)-10(ts the )]TJ h 0.742 1.683 0.025 1.931 -0.495 1.931 c were tested in the form of a time series from the Sentinel-2 satellite, and the most suitable ones were selected. and refusals represented 6.15 t/ha m.v. 578.486 293.651 16.664 16.664 re Nevertheless it is the only crop, able to fulfil so many tasks and to fit so many requirements. -1.004 1.153 -0.831 1.361 -0.505 1.361 c -1.024 -2.064 -1.163 -1.668 -1.163 -1.332 c Soil C stocks increase after land use changes from native forest to pasture (+ 8%), crop to pasture (+ 19%), crop to plantation (+ 18%), and crop to secondary forest (+ 53%). 578.486 16.414 16.664 16.664 re Steppe Climate or Temperate Continental Climate or Temperate Grassland Climate Distribution They lie in the interiors of the continents. 165.211807 114.320801 Tm 50.015 482.71 16.664 16.664 re 0.213 2.633 l q 1 0 0 1 390.1869 121.7265 cm B /T1_3 1. 11. and to the regularisation of water regimes, to the purica-, ucts and services at aordable prices, addressing the social, landscape. Generalized Silk Road refers throughout Eurasia or North Africa and East Africa, including the general term of the long-distance business and cultural exchange lines began to form from antiquity. 0.742 0.356 l This paper reviews the literature for the influence of land use changes on soil C stocks and reports the results of a meta analysis of these data from 74 publications. B Diana Bowles. [(about )1(5)5(0% )1(o)5(f )1(the )1(endemic )1(plant )1(species )1(o)5(f )1(E)15(urope )1(ar)5(e )1(dependent )1(on )1(the )1(grassland )1(biotope. The area of permanent grassland is strongly influenced by agricultural subsidy policies. In recent years the focus has been on finding procedures in agriculture to satisfy the food requirements for a growing population and new technologies whose main purpose is to protect the environment. This study is the first attempt to quantify recent grassland shrinkage and fragmentation in the Bluegrass Region. f The grassland area decreased by 14.4%, with an interior (or intact) grassland shrinkage of 5%, during the study period. -0.713 -0.337 -0.812 -0.802 -1.347 -0.802 c 5.41 25.858 7.521 27.508 y -2.56 -2.93 -2.233 -3.623 -1.451 -3.623 c h h 0 0 m q 1 0 0 1 490.2037 87.9498 cm %PDF-1.5 )]TJ The total number of species was 105 species belonging to 73 genera and related to 26 families. 1 0.996 0.976 scn f f 0 -6.18 l Biodiversity conservation may help increase carbon storage, but the value of this influence has been difficult to assess. [(c)-5(al)-9(led \223low input\224 f)10(arming prac)-5(tices. 0.957 0.965 0.91 scn Lie in the Westerly wind belt . f 498.985 93.391 -0.694 0.644 re -0.812 0.802 -0.713 0.337 -0.713 0 c Kunth (Gramineae) were analysed by GC and GC–MS. This average importance of grasslands B Q 0.663 0 l h q 1 0 0 1 477.2395 87.0292 cm 503.534 93.391 -0.694 0.644 re 0 0 m B The evidence from this study is that floristic pattern is not merely a result of invader forage species, but also might be a beneficial result that deserves further study for mountainous rangelands. Consumption by livestock forest usage and aquatic ecosystems is computed. q 1 0 0 1 444.544 125.439 cm The amount of annual rainfall influences the height of grassland vegetation, with taller grasses in wetter regions. Q -0.693 1.599 l 487.06 84.396 -0.693 3.554 re This road is also known as the “overland Silk Road” or “Oasis Silk Road”. As the quantity of available data is not large and the methodologies used are diverse, the conclusions drawn must be regarded as working hypotheses from which to design future targeted investigations that broaden the database. Forage samples were collected five times by 15-day intervals from the before-flowering stage to the after-flowering stage in 2015 and 2016. 3.893 21.9 2.441 19.131 y /T1_4 1. Intermediate or conservative estimates have been included. ET 0.941 0.914 0.506 scn grass silages. 0 0 m Researches have shown that grassland biomes have a high microbial and plant diversity, which stimulate the simultaneous presence of positive interactions in rhizosphere. /GS0 gs q 1 0 0 1 482.1099 84.3958 cm 0.98 0.973 0.855 scn 5 0 obj 0. -5.342 0 l -0.495 1.103 l 50.015 596.729 16.664 16.664 re [(This book is writt)5(en f)5(or both specialists and non-)-5(specialists, the la)5(tt)5(er including politicians )]TJ -5.878 7.033 l The Silk Road refers to the road opened up in the Han Dynasty, starts with Chang ‘an (now Xi’an) or Luoyang, pass with Gansu, Xinjiang to Central Asia, West Asia, and links the Mediterranean countries land access. 0.989 30.741 0.065 30.741 v Dry calcareous grasslands and steppes constitute habitat of most of Europe's butterfly and Orthoptera species, and they host significant number of European endemic plants. /GS0 gs The paper brings together different grass or grassland‐based studies and considers them as part of a continuum of strategies that when also combined with improvements in grassland production systems (Gerssen‐Gondelach et al. ... Livestock products have become an integral part of the food supply to feed all humans since the agricultural revolution (Derner et al., 2017). 1.471 -0.634 1.396 -0.634 1.332 -0.634 c ]��b����q�i����"��w8=�8�Y�W�ȁf8}ކ3�aK�� tx��g�^삠+v��!�a�{Bhk� ��5Y�liFe�̓T���?����}YV�-ަ��x��B����m̒�N��(�}H)&�,�#� ��o0endstream 0.673 -0.455 l f Grassland vegetation remains dominant in a particular area usually due to grazing, cutting or natural or manmade fires, all discouraging trees and shrubs from growing. -3.166 9.763 -2.903 8.18 -2.309 5.937 c W n Bot. 11. -0.694 -1.262 l In this study, we applied a fragmentation model and a set of landscape metrics together with the satellite-derived USDA Cropland Data Layer to examine the shrinkage and fragmentation of grassland in the Bluegrass Region, Kentucky during 2008–2018. Grassland will continue to be an important form of land use in Europe, but with increased diversity in management objectives and systems used. 0.776 0.812 0.549 scn -1.757 -0.485 -1.188 -0.841 -0.445 -0.841 c © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. B Livestock plays a crucial rule in the rural economy. 0.629 -3.708 0.663 -2.95 0.663 -2.495 c h Tf 0 6.735 l History of Europe - History of Europe - Trade and the “Atlantic revolution”: The new importance of northwestern Europe in terms of overall population and concentration of large cities reflects in part the “Atlantic revolution,” the redirection of trade routes brought about by the great geographic discoveries. The findings indicated that: i) Natural factors were the dominated forces affecting FSC, and their contribution was 71.3%. 50.015 564.152 16.664 16.664 re 0. T* 0.213 2.633 l 0 -3.95 0.01 -4.239 0.691 -4.239 c hurst and King (1998) show substantial dierences in, cultivars. 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